Definition: A system of dual governance introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms), under which provincial subjects were divided into 'Reserved' and 'Transferred' categories.

Key Prelims Pointers:

• Reserved subjects like police, finance, and land revenue were controlled by the Governor.

• Transferred subjects like education and health were administered by Indian ministers.

• Dyarchy existed only at the provincial level.